Understanding Sensory Processing & Sensory Dysregulation in Children

Children experience the world through their senses — sight, sound, touch, taste, smell, movement, and body awareness. Most children process sensory input naturally, but others may experience sensory processing difficulties or sensory dysregulation, where the brain struggles to interpret sensory information.

These differences can affect behavior, emotional regulation, learning, and everyday activities. Understanding your child’s sensory needs is the first step toward meaningful support.

What Is Sensory Processing?

Sensory processing is the brain’s ability to receive, organize, and respond to sensory input. Examples include:

• Feeling the floor while walking
• Tolerating clothing or food textures
• Focusing in noisy environments
• Adjusting movement to catch a ball or ride a scooter

When sensory processing works well, children respond smoothly and consistently to their surroundings.

Signs of Sensory Dysregulation in Children

Sensory dysregulation appears when a child struggles to manage sensory input. Common patterns include:

1- Over-Responsiveness (Hypersensitivity)

• Covers ears in normal noise
• Avoids textures, clothing, or certain foods
• Strong reactions to light or unexpected touch

2- Under-Responsiveness (Hyposensitivity)

• Seeks intense movement (jumping/crashing)
• Minimal response to pain or temperature
• Frequently touches objects, appears clumsy

3-Sensory Seeking / Craving Input

• Constant movement, rocking, fidgeting
• Seeks deep pressure or rough play
• Difficulty staying seated or focused

These behaviors are not misbehavior — they are the child’s attempt to regulate their nervous system.

How Occupational Therapy Helps With Sensory Challenges

A pediatric occupational therapist uses evidence-based sensory integration therapy to help children respond more effectively to sensory input. Interventions may include:

• Sensory integration activities like swinging, climbing, rolling, or crashing pads
  • Calming strategies: deep pressure, weighted tools, breathing exercises
  • Alerting strategies: movement breaks, sensory circuits, vestibular input
  • Environmental modifications to reduce sensory overload
  • Play-based exercises for improved body awareness, regulation, and coordination

Therapy strengthens self-regulation, attention, emotional control, and daily functioning.

Supporting Your Child at Home

• Create a sensory-friendly corner with soft lighting and calming items
  • Use predictable routines to reduce overwhelm
  • Include movement breaks throughout the day
  • Encourage play: climbing, jumping, tactile play, and heavy-work activities

Tip of the Week: “Squeeze, Swing, and Stretch”

A few minutes of deep pressure play—bear hugs, squishing a soft ball, swinging, or gentle stretching—can help stabilize the nervous system and improve calmness and focus.